1. Engine does not rotate when trying to start
- The battery contacts are loose or corroded. The battery is empty or damaged.
- Automatic transmission out of position "R", "N" or the clutch pedal is not fully depressed (see chapters 7, 8).
- Loss of contact in the starter control circuit (see chapters 5, 12). Starter gear stuck in flywheel (see chapter 5).
- Starter relay failure (see chapter 5).
- Starter malfunction (see chapter 5).
- Ignition lock malfunction (see chapter 12).
- Breakage of the teeth of the starter gear or flywheel (see chapter 5).
2. Engine turns over but does not start
- No fuel.
- Low battery (low starting speed).
- Incorrect adjustment of the fuel level in the carburetor is usually accompanied by the smell of fuel under the hood. Wait a few minutes, fully open the throttle and try to start again.
- Incorrect air damper adjustment (see chapter 4).
- Fuel does not enter the carburetor: check the fuel filter and the operation of the fuel pump (see chapters 1, 4).
- Fuel leak, mixture control sensor malfunction (see chapter 6).
- Fuel is not getting to the injectors (see chapter 4).
- Ignition system malfunction (see chapter 5).
- spark plug gap not adjusted (see chapter 1).
- Loss of contact in launch target (see chapter 5). Faulty ignition timing.
- Faulty ignition coil.
3. Difficult cold start
- Discharged battery.
- The carburetor overflows.
- Fuel system malfunction (see chapter 4).
- Mixture Control Sensor Malfunction (see chapter 6).
- Air damper malfunction (see chapter 4).
- fuel leak (see chapter 4).
- Distributor malfunction (see chapter 5).
4. Difficulty starting a hot engine
- Air filter clogged (see chapter 1).
- The carburetor overflows.
- No fuel coming in (see chapter 4).
- Battery contacts are oxidized, especially "minus".
5. Noise and uneven rotation of the starter
- Broken starter or flywheel gear teeth.
- Starter mounting bolts loose (see chapter 5).
6. Engine starts but stops immediately
- Malfunctions in the electrical connections of the distributor, coil or generator (Chapter 5).
- Insufficient fuel supply (Chapters 1, 4) - Check the operation of the fuel pump and see if the fuel pipes are clogged.
- Air leaking into the carburetor or intake manifold. Check all connections and vacuum hoses (see chapter 4).
7. Engine in oil
- Oil leaks through the oil pan gasket, valve cover, engine seals, etc.
8. Uneven idle speed
- Vacuum leaks. Check the condition of the vacuum hoses.
- Leaky fit of the exhaust gas recirculation valve (see chapter 6).
- Air filter clogged.
- Insufficient fuel supply (see chapter 4).
- Disclosure of the gas joint of the cylinder head (see chapter 2).
- Camshaft drive belt wear (see chapter 2).
- Camshaft lobes wear (see chapter 2).
- Malfunction of the carburetor or injection system (see chapter 4).
9. Misfire at idle
- Wear of spark plug contacts (Chapter 1).
- Defect of high voltage wires (Chapter 1).
- Vacuum leaks.
- Faulty ignition timing (Chapter 1).
- Low compression pressure ("compression") (see chapter 2).
- Incorrect idle adjustment.
- Fuel system malfunction (Chapter 4).
- Jamming or deficiencies in the operation of the exhaust gas recirculation system (HORN) (Chapter 6).
10. Misfire under load
- Fuel filter clogged.
- Low fuel consumption through injectors (Chapter 4).
- Carburetor malfunctions (Chapter 4).
- Damaged spark plugs (Chapter 1).
- Incorrect ignition timing (Chapter 5).
- Cracked distributor cap or damage to its contacts.
- Leaks on high voltage wires (Chapters 1, 5).
- Improper functioning of the EGR system.
- Insufficient compression pressure (Chapter 2).
- Ignition system malfunction (Chapter 5).
- Vacuum leaks.
11. RPM drop on acceleration ("failures")
- Faulty spark plugs (Chapter 1).
- Carburetor or injection system out of adjustment (Chapter 4).
- Clogged fuel filter (Chapters 1, 4).
- Incorrect ignition timing (Chapter 5).
- Vacuum leaks.
- Defective high-voltage wires or other components of the ignition system.
12. Unstable engine operation
- Vacuum leaks.
- Fuel pump defect (Chapter 4).
- Loss of contact in the injector connector (Chapter 4).
- Defect of the electronic control module (Chapter 6).
13. Engine stops
- Incorrect idle adjustment.
- Water in fuel or clogged fuel filter.
- Distributor damage (Chapter 5).
- EGR system defect (Chapter 6).
- Spark plug defect (Chapter 1).
- Defect of high voltage wires (Chapter 1).
- Vacuum leaks.
- Incorrect valve clearance adjustment (Chapter 1).
- Fuel system defect.
14. Loss of engine power
- Incorrect ignition timing (Chapter 5).
- Large clearance of the distributor shaft (Chapter 5).
- Worn rotor and/or distributor cap (chapters 1, 5).
- Spark plug defect (Chapter 1).
- Incorrect adjustment of the fuel system (Chapter 4).
- Ignition coil defect (Chapter 5).
- Brake defect (Chapter 9).
- Incorrect fluid level in automatic transmission.
- Clutch slip (Chapter 8).
- Clogged fuel filter or dirt in the fuel system (Chapters 1, 4).
- Incorrect operation of the EGR system (Chapter 6).
- Low compression pressure ("compression") (Chapter 2).
15. Engine pops in the muffler
- Incorrect operation of the EGR system (Chapter 6).
- Incorrect ignition timing (Chapter 5).
- Ignition system defect (cracks in the insulator of candles, high-voltage wires, distributor caps) (Chapters 1, 5).
- Incorrect adjustment of the fuel system (Chapter 4).
- Vacuum leak.
- Incorrect adjustment of the gaps in the terminals, hanging or burnout of the valves.
16. Engine knock noise during acceleration Poor fuel quality
- Incorrect ignition timing (Chapter 1).
- Incorrect adjustment of the fuel system (Chapter 4).
- Damage to spark plugs or high voltage wires (Chapter 1).
- Worn or damaged distributor components (Chapter 5).
- EGR system defect (Chapter 6).
- Vacuum leaks.
- coal deposits (soot) in the combustion chamber.
17. Indicator light "low oil pressure"
- Low oil level or low oil viscosity.
- Low idle speed.
- Short circuit (Chapter 12).
- Defective oil pressure sensor (Chapter 2).
- Worn bearings and/or oil pump (Chapter 2).
18. Pre-ignition
- Too high idle speed
- Vacuum leaks.
- Increased engine operating temperature (Chapter 3).
- Incorrect ignition timing.
- Carburetor needs repair.
- Hot/cold air inlet valve does not work (see chapter 6).
Engine electrical system
19. Battery not charging
- Defective alternator drive belt.
- Low electrolyte level.
- The battery contacts are oxidized.
- Small alternator charging current (Chapter 5).
- Malfunctions in the electrical circuit (Chapter 5).
- Short circuit in wiring (Chapter 12).
- Internal battery defect (Chapters 1, 5).
20. Indicator light "no charging"
- Alternator and/or charging circuit defect (Chapter 5).
- Defective alternator drive belt.
- Voltage regulator defect (Chapter 5).
21. No indicator light "no charging" with the ignition on
- Lamp defect (Chapter 12).
- Circuit defect (Chapter 12).
Fuel system
22. High fuel consumption
- Air filter clogged.
- Incorrect ignition adjustment (Chapter 5).
- Incorrect operation of the EGR system (Chapter 6).
- Worn or damaged fuel system components (Chapter 4).
- Low tire pressure or wrong tire size.
23. Fuel leak and fuel smell
- Leak in supply and return pipes. Fuel tank overflow.
- Clogged fuel vapor accumulator filter (Chapters 1, 6).
- Worn injectors or improper carburetor operation.
Cooling system
24. Overheating
- Low coolant level (Chapter 1).
- Water pump drive belt defect (Chapter 1).
- Deposits in the radiator pipes or excessive contamination of the radiator grille (Chapter 3).
- Thermostat defect.
- Fan blades broken.
- Radiator cap not holding pressure (Chapter 3).
- Incorrect ignition timing (Chapter 5).
25. The engine does not warm up
- Thermostat defect.
- Temperature sensor defect (Chapter 3).
26. External coolant leaks
- Hose damage and loose clamps.
- Pump seal damage (Chapter 3).
- Cracks in the radiator, expansion tank, heater.
27. Internal coolant leaks
28. Decreased coolant level
- Too much fluid in the system.
- Overheat.
- Internal and external leaks.
- Radiator cap defect.
29. Poor coolant circulation
- Water pump not working (Chapter 3).
- Resistance in the cooling system.
- Drive belt defective.
- Thermostat defect.
Clutch
30. Low clutch release force
31. Fuzzy gear shifting
- Gearbox defect (Chapter 7).
- Clutch disc defect (Chapter 8).
- Incorrect assembly of the fork-release bearing assembly.
- Pressure plate defect.
- Loose clutch basket to flywheel.
32. Clutch slip
- Clutch disc wear (Chapter 8).
- Disc slip due to crankshaft oil seal leakage.
- Insufficient fit of the clutch disc.
- Warped pressure plate or flywheel.
- Weak diaphragm springs.
- Overheated clutch disc.
33. Vibrations when engaging the clutch
- Oiling or burning of the clutch disc.
- Worn or loose engine or transmission mounts (Chapter 7).
- Worn clutch disc hub splines (Chapter 8).
- Warped pressure plate or flywheel (Chapter 8).
- Burning or gumming of the flywheel or pressure plate (Chapter 8).
34. Rattle in the gearbox
- Loss of release bearing yoke (Chapter 8).
- Clutch damper spring defect (Chapter 8).
- Low idle engine (Chapter 1).
35. Noise in the clutch area
36. Clutch pedal does not return to its original position
37. High clutch release force
38. Impact noise at low speeds
- Wear of CV joints of drive axles (Chapter 8).
- Differential side gear shaft wear (Chapter 7A).
39. Noise when cornering
- Source - Differential (Chapter 7A).
40. Cracking sound when accelerating and decelerating
- Loss of engine or transmission mounts (Chapters 2, 7A).
- Worn main gear shaft.
- Worn differential side gear shaft.
- Worn or damaged CV joints (internal).
41. Clicking sound when cornering
- Worn or damaged CV joints (external).
42. Vibration
- Wheel bearing damage (Chapter 10).
- Drive axle damage (Chapters 8).
- Tire defect (Chapter 1).
- The wheels are not balanced.
- CV joint wear (Chapter 8).
44. Noise in one single gear
- Damaged or worn permanent mesh gear.
- Damaged or worn synchronizers (Chapter 7A).
- Reverse fork bent.
- Damaged 4th gear (Chapter 7A).
- Worn or damaged reverse idle gear.
45. Noise in all gears
- Not enough lubrication in the crankcase.
- Worn or damaged bearings.
- Worn or damaged input and/or output shafts.
46. Gear Off
- Worn or incorrectly adjusted linkages (Chapter 7A).
- Loss of fastening of the box to the engine.
- Bent shift shafts.
- Lost or broken input shaft bearing retainer.
- Dirt between clutch cover and flywheel housing.
- Deterioration of the shift fork.
47. Oil leaks
- Wear of differential seals (Chapter 7).
- Excess oil in the box (Chapter 1).
- Lost or broken input shaft bearing retainer (Chapter 7A).
- Damage to the input shaft seal.
48. Jamming gears
- Worn or damaged rods (Chapter 7A).
- Internal damage in the box.
- Automatic transmission.
49. Fluid leaks
Transmission oil for automatic transmission has a dark red color. It is necessary to distinguish between leaks from the box and from the engine. Flush the power unit before looking for leaks. Take a test drive at low speed (so that air currents do not carry oil drops far from the source). Common leak location:
- A) pallet;
- b) probe tube;
- V) pipeline;
- G) knot for connecting the speed sensor and the speedometer cable.
50. Oil color change
- Burning transmission fluid.
51. Problems with switching
Check and adjust the drawbars. Typically, the lack of adjustment manifests itself as follows:
- A) engine start not in lever positions "R" or "N";
- b) gear engagement indication does not correspond to the gear engaged;
- V) the vehicle moves when the selector lever is in the "R".
52. Gears do not shift when accelerating
- Box valve cable not adjusted.
53. The engine starts when the lever positions are not only P or N
- Malfunction of inclusion of a neutral position (Chapter 7A).
54. Slip, uneven shifting, noise
To solve this problem, contact the service station. You can only check the oil level in the box.
Drive axles
55. Clicking sounds in a turn
- Worn or damaged outer CV joints (Chapter 8).
56. Jitter or vibration during acceleration
- Excessive wheel alignment (Chapter 10).
- Spring length not correct (Chapter 10).
- Worn or damaged CV joints (Chapter 8).
- Wedging CV joints.
57. Vibration at high speed Wheels out of balance
- Tire defects.
- CV joint wear.
Brakes
Note: before starting work on the brakes, make sure that:
- A) tires are in good condition and have normal pressure;
- b) centering is correct;
- V) vehicle is not overloaded.
58. The car pulls to the side when braking
- The tire pressure is not correct.
- Different types of tires on the same axle.
- Increased resistance (e.g. inflection) brake lines and hoses (Chapter 9).
- Malfunctioning brake drum or caliper. Lost suspension parts.
- Lost brake caliper.
- Wear pads on one side.
59. Noise when braking
- Wear pads. Replace them with new ones immediately.
60. Pulsation of effort on the brake pedal
- Increased beating of the drum or disc.
- Uneven pad wear.
- Defective brake discs.
61. Increased braking force
- The brake booster is faulty.
- The system of redistribution of brake forces is faulty.
- Wear pads.
- Seized brake cylinder.
- Lubrication of brake pads.
- Unused new pads.
62. Increased brake pedal travel
- Incorrect functioning of the system of redistribution of brake forces (Chapter 9).
- Too little brake fluid in the master cylinder.
- Air in the brake system.
63. Deceleration delay
- Incorrect adjustment of the brake light switch (Chapter 9).
- The brake master cylinder piston does not fully return.
- Resistance of brake lines and hoses, e.g. due to kinks.
- Incorrect adjustment of the parking brake cable.
64. Sticking and insufficient action of the brakes
- Malfunctions of the brake force distribution system (Chapter 9).
- Brake booster malfunction.
- Curvature in the pedal drive mechanism.
65. Variable brake pressure
- Air in the system.
- Loss of tightening of the brake master cylinder bolts.
- Defective brake master cylinder.
66. Low brake pressure
- Low fluid level in the master cylinder reservoir due to leaks through the brake cylinders.
- Damaged brake lines.
67. Lack of functioning of the parking brake
- Incorrect linkage adjustment (Chapter 9).
Suspension and steering
Comment. Make sure that:
- A) tires are not worn out and have normal pressure;
- b) fastening of the cardan shaft of the steering shaft is correct;
- V) no damage to the suspension and steering mechanism;
- G) wheels are balanced, bearings are serviceable.
68. Car pulls to the side
- Different tires on the same axle (Chapter 10).
- Broken or damaged springs.
- Incorrect wheel alignment.
- Front brake sticking.
69. Increased tire wear
- Incorrect wheel alignment.
- Broken or sagged springs.
- Wheels are unbalanced.
- Shock absorber failure.
- Constant overload of the car.
70. Increased wheel noise
- Tire defect.
- Shock absorber defect.
71. Wheel vibration
- Wheel imbalance.
- Bearing wear (Chapters 8, 10).
- Worn tie rod ends.
- Ball joint wear (Chapter 10).
- Increased wheel wobble.
- Tire defect.
72. Increased effort on the steering wheel
- No lubrication in ball joints, tie rod end and steering gear
- Incorrect wheel alignment.
- Low tire pressure.
73. Steering does not return to straight ahead
- No lubrication in ball joints
- Ball joints bent.
- Steering column bent.
- No lubrication in the steering gear.
- Incorrect wheel alignment
- Damage to steering or suspension components.
74. Increased noise in the front of the car
- No grease in ball joints.
- Rack mount damage.
- Worn tie rod bushings or tie rod ends.
- Loose stabilizer mount.
- Loose wheel nuts.
- Loose suspension mount.
75. Poor steering stability
- Different tires on the same axle.
- Loss of grease in ball joints.
- Wear in the rack elements.
- Loose stabilizer mount.
- Broken or sagged springs.
- Wheel alignment out of alignment.
76. Steering wheel shake when braking
- Wheel bearing wear.
- Broken or sagged springs.
- Leaking wheel brake cylinders.
- Warped brake drum or disc.
77. Excessive roll when cornering and braking
- Stabilizer defect.
- Shock absorber mounts worn or defective.
- Broken or sagged springs.
- Vehicle overload.
78. Low ground clearance (ground clearance)
- Vehicle overload.
- Depreciation of shock absorbers.
- Broken or sagged springs.
79. Increased wear of the middle part of the tire tread
- Incorrect wheel alignment
- Shock absorber wear.
- Wheel bearing wear
- Increased wheel wobble.
- Wear of ball bearings.
80. Increased wear on the outer edge of the tire tread
- Incorrect tire pressure.
- High cornering speed.
- Incorrect wheel alignment.
- Suspension rods bent.
81. Increased wear on the inner edge of the tire tread
- Incorrect tire pressure.
- Incorrect wheel alignment.
- Damage to steering components.
82. Patchy tire tread wear
- Wheel unbalanced.
- Disk damage.
- Tire defect.
83. Increased steering clearances
- Bearing wear.
- Worn tie rod ends.
- Damaged drive gear or steering rack.
- Deterioration of the intermediate shaft of the steering mechanism.
84. Clicking sounds in a pair of rack / pinion
- Lack of lubrication.
- Loss of relative adjustment.