The electronic control unit (ECM), depending on the current values of the input parameters (engine speed, vehicle speed, coolant temperature, number of switched-on electrical consumers and intake air temperature), adjusts the value of the voltage produced by the generator. The main task of the system is to minimize the load on the engine.
The task of the voltage regulator is to limit the voltage produced by the generator within specified limits. The regulator prevents circuit overloads and other unpleasant phenomena associated with voltage surges.
The charging system does not require regular maintenance. However, the condition of the alternator drive belt, battery, connecting electrical wiring and its terminal connections should be checked periodically (see Chapter Settings and ongoing maintenance).
The charging indicator lamp built into the instrument panel comes on briefly when the ignition key is turned to the ON position. The lamp should go out immediately after the engine is started. If the lamp does not turn off, there is a fault in the charging system (see Section Checking the status of the charging system).
On some models, a voltmeter is additionally installed in the instrument panel, allowing the driver to monitor deviations of the on-board voltage from the norm in a timely manner. If the voltmeter readings go beyond the permissible range, the charging system should be checked (see Section Checking the status of the charging system).
The fuse link is a short section of insulated wire mounted in the main wiring harness of the engine compartment. The total cross-section of the insert conductor core is several times smaller than that of the wiring of the circuit in which it is included, which guarantees reliable protection of the latter from overload.
Precautionary measures
When connecting terminal connections of electrical circuits of vehicles equipped with an alternator, special precautions must be taken:
- a) When connecting the battery wiring to the generator, do not reverse the polarity under any circumstances;
- b) Before using electric arc welding for body repair, disconnect the electrical wiring from the generator and battery terminals;
- c) Never start the engine with the charger connected to the battery;
- d) Always disconnect both cables from the battery (negative first) before charging it from an external power source;
- e) Avoid allowing hands, hair and loose clothing to come into contact with the rotating alternator drive belt during checks carried out with the engine running;
- f) Since the generator is connected directly to the battery, its overloads and short circuits can cause ignition of the electrical wiring and cause a fire;
- g) Before steam cleaning the engine compartment, wrap the generator in a plastic bag, which should then be securely fastened with rubber bands.
(Based on materials from the website: «hondabook»)